Estimating ecosystem naturalness using Benford’s Law and Generalized Benford’s Law

A new method was proposed to estimate ecosystem naturalness. Three species-plot (S Χ A) datasets were used. Those data sets belong Sultan mountain sub-district (BS) (60 96) Dedegül (BD) (89 119) and, Beyşehir Watershed (B) (98 215) consisting of both the sub-districts. Firstly, chi square test (χ^2 ) applied define statistical goodness fit between first digit observed probabilities (〖d_1 p〗_o and theoretical Benford’s Law (d_1 p_e ). It found that χ^2 (e_BS )=16.579 (e_BD )=2.406. Secondly, find fittest for BS BD, generalized (GB(d;γ)) applied. Minimal values obtained at γ=0.65 γ=0.07 BD respectively (e_BD^γ )=4.992, )=2.209). As expected, sub-districts decreased by Law. The most dramatic decrease occurred in BS. number sample plots are different. Two random iterative processes happened 10000 times therefore performed considering B dataset. a result each sub-district. Average those then used ((_ ^k)(χ^2 ̅ (E_BS^γ )=6.747 (_ (E_BD^γ )=6.176) calculate calibration coefficients Naturalness be 4.992 2.414 due BS= (E_max^γ ))⁄((_ )=1 BD=((_ )=1.093. Since perfect naturalness value is theoretically equal 0, results indicate ecosystems more natural than ecosystems.